全球風(feng)能(neng)理事會《2016年(nian)全球風(feng)電發(fa)展(zhan)統計(ji)(ji)數據(ju)》顯示，2016年(nian)全球新增風(feng)電裝機容量(liang)(liang)(liang)54.6GW，累計(ji)(ji)裝機容量(liang)(liang)(liang)486.7GW，其(qi)中我國(guo)新增裝機容量(liang)(liang)(liang)23.3GW，累計(ji)(ji)裝機容量(liang)(liang)(liang)達168.7GW，風(feng)電規模世界第一。另據(ju)中國(guo)可再生能(neng)源學會專家介紹，截至2016年(nian)底我國(guo)風(feng)電機組累計(ji)(ji)出(chu)口容量(liang)(liang)(liang)僅2.5GW，國(guo)外市場占有(you)(you)率(lv)不足1%，風(feng)電“出(chu)海(hai)”任重道遠。從質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)發(fa)展(zhan)水平來看(kan)，我國(guo)風(feng)電設備在(zai)關鍵零部件質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)、認證(zheng)體系建設、知(zhi)識產權保護(hu)等方面，與國(guo)際先進水平仍(reng)有(you)(you)差距，是(shi)制約我國(guo)風(feng)電設備出(chu)口的重要因素。

關(guan)鍵零(ling)部(bu)件(jian)(jian)質(zhi)(zhi)量有待提升。近年來(lai)，我(wo)國(guo)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)電零(ling)部(bu)件(jian)(jian)制(zhi)造企業日益壯(zhuang)大，生產(chan)供應(ying)體系日趨(qu)完(wan)善，但我(wo)們要清楚地認識到，我(wo)國(guo)企業生產(chan)的(de)葉(xie)(xie)片(pian)、軸承(cheng)、控制(zhi)器等關(guan)鍵零(ling)部(bu)件(jian)(jian)的(de)質(zhi)(zhi)量水平(ping)仍需提升。2010~2012年間(jian)，某葉(xie)(xie)片(pian)生產(chan)企業因產(chan)品存(cun)在質(zhi)(zhi)量問題(ti)，導(dao)致(zhi)涉及問題(ti)葉(xie)(xie)片(pian)的(de)多個風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)場(chang)出現(xian)大面積質(zhi)(zhi)量事故，企業為客戶更換葉(xie)(xie)片(pian)，不僅承(cheng)擔(dan)了巨額吊裝(zhuang)費用，而且銷售訂單也(ye)大幅下滑，致(zhi)使企業經營(ying)陷(xian)入(ru)困(kun)境(jing)。此外(wai)，海上風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)電是未(wei)來(lai)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)電產(chan)業發(fa)展的(de)方向，其運(yun)營(ying)環境(jing)具(ju)有高(gao)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)浪(lang)、高(gao)濕度(du)、高(gao)鹽度(du)的(de)特點，整(zheng)機(ji)設計(ji)(ji)水平(ping)和零(ling)部(bu)件(jian)(jian)質(zhi)(zhi)量也(ye)影響到我(wo)國(guo)海上風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)電的(de)發(fa)展。2016年，歐洲海上風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)電新增(zeng)裝(zhuang)機(ji)容(rong)(rong)(rong)量1560MW，占新增(zeng)裝(zhuang)機(ji)容(rong)(rong)(rong)量的(de)11.2%，海上風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)電累(lei)計(ji)(ji)裝(zhuang)機(ji)容(rong)(rong)(rong)量12632MW，占累(lei)計(ji)(ji)裝(zhuang)機(ji)容(rong)(rong)(rong)量的(de)7.8%，而我(wo)國(guo)同期海上風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)電新增(zeng)裝(zhuang)機(ji)容(rong)(rong)(rong)量592MW，占新增(zeng)裝(zhuang)機(ji)容(rong)(rong)(rong)量的(de)2.5%，海上風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)電累(lei)計(ji)(ji)裝(zhuang)機(ji)容(rong)(rong)(rong)量1627MW，占累(lei)計(ji)(ji)裝(zhuang)機(ji)容(rong)(rong)(rong)量不足1%。

風(feng)(feng)電(dian)設(she)備(bei)(bei)認(ren)(ren)(ren)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)制(zhi)(zhi)度有待完善。我國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)風(feng)(feng)電(dian)設(she)備(bei)(bei)認(ren)(ren)(ren)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)制(zhi)(zhi)度的(de)發(fa)展相(xiang)對較晚，2015年7月起，開始要求新(xin)建(jian)風(feng)(feng)力發(fa)電(dian)項目(mu)所采用的(de)風(feng)(feng)力發(fa)電(dian)機組及其葉片、齒輪(lun)箱、發(fa)電(dian)機、變(bian)流器、控制(zhi)(zhi)器和軸承等(deng)關鍵(jian)零(ling)部(bu)件，必須進(jin)行型式認(ren)(ren)(ren)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)，而歐美發(fa)達國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)的(de)風(feng)(feng)電(dian)設(she)備(bei)(bei)認(ren)(ren)(ren)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)制(zhi)(zhi)度已經發(fa)展了(le)幾十年，丹麥在20世紀70年代就制(zhi)(zhi)定了(le)本國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)風(feng)(feng)電(dian)機組檢(jian)測和認(ren)(ren)(ren)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)制(zhi)(zhi)度。此(ci)外，國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)產(chan)風(feng)(feng)電(dian)設(she)備(bei)(bei)出(chu)口(kou)，通常需要獲(huo)得DNV-GL、TüV等(deng)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)際(ji)權威(wei)認(ren)(ren)(ren)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)，但國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)際(ji)認(ren)(ren)(ren)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)的(de)費用高，時間長(chang)，效(xiao)率低(di)。為應(ying)對國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)外技術性貿易措施，促進(jin)風(feng)(feng)電(dian)設(she)備(bei)(bei)出(chu)口(kou)，我國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)一些認(ren)(ren)(ren)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)機構與國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)外機構簽訂了(le)合(he)作協(xie)(xie)議(yi)，但這些協(xie)(xie)議(yi)并不對等(deng)，如2015年，中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)質量認(ren)(ren)(ren)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)中(zhong)(zhong)心與DNV-GL集團(tuan)簽署了(le)諒解備(bei)(bei)忘錄(lu)，DNV-GL的(de)認(ren)(ren)(ren)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)書在申請中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)認(ren)(ren)(ren)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)書時作為參考，但中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)認(ren)(ren)(ren)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)書卻不享受同等(deng)待遇。

知(zhi)識(shi)(shi)(shi)產(chan)(chan)權(quan)(quan)保護意識(shi)(shi)(shi)有待(dai)加(jia)強。我(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)風(feng)電(dian)產(chan)(chan)業發展(zhan)初期以引進國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)外(wai)技(ji)術為主，導致現在使用(yong)的(de)許多(duo)風(feng)機型(xing)號可以追溯至國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)外(wai)，這一問(wen)題給(gei)我(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)風(feng)電(dian)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)出口(kou)埋下了隱患(huan)。如華(hua)(hua)銳(rui)(rui)風(feng)電(dian)與(yu)美(mei)(mei)(mei)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)超(chao)(chao)導公(gong)司的(de)知(zhi)識(shi)(shi)(shi)產(chan)(chan)權(quan)(quan)糾紛已持(chi)續(xu)7年(nian)之久，美(mei)(mei)(mei)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)超(chao)(chao)導公(gong)司的(de)在華(hua)(hua)子公(gong)司美(mei)(mei)(mei)恩超(chao)(chao)導，指(zhi)責華(hua)(hua)銳(rui)(rui)風(feng)電(dian)侵犯(fan)(fan)了其相關軟件(jian)的(de)著作(zuo)權(quan)(quan)及(ji)商業秘密。2016年(nian)12月，海南省高院(yuan)做(zuo)出二審判決，駁回(hui)美(mei)(mei)(mei)恩超(chao)(chao)導的(de)全部訴訟請求，但(dan)長(chang)期的(de)知(zhi)識(shi)(shi)(shi)產(chan)(chan)權(quan)(quan)糾紛導致華(hua)(hua)銳(rui)(rui)風(feng)電(dian)的(de)SL1500型(xing)和SL3000型(xing)風(feng)機至今(jin)仍無(wu)法登陸美(mei)(mei)(mei)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)市場。近年(nian)來，世界(jie)風(feng)電(dian)巨頭(tou)已將知(zhi)識(shi)(shi)(shi)產(chan)(chan)權(quan)(quan)作(zuo)為逐鹿(lu)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)際市場的(de)隱形武器(qi)，開展(zhan)商業“阻擊(ji)戰(zhan)”。今(jin)年(nian)8月，美(mei)(mei)(mei)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)通用(yong)電(dian)氣公(gong)司與(yu)丹麥維(wei)斯(si)塔斯(si)公(gong)司在美(mei)(mei)(mei)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)風(feng)電(dian)市場的(de)領導權(quan)(quan)之爭陷入(ru)白熱(re)化，通用(yong)電(dian)氣向美(mei)(mei)(mei)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)加(jia)州(zhou)地方法院(yuan)提(ti)起訴訟，控訴維(wei)斯(si)塔斯(si)侵犯(fan)(fan)了其“零電(dian)壓穿越技(ji)術”專利(li)，希(xi)望以此來遏制維(wei)斯(si)塔斯(si)在美(mei)(mei)(mei)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)風(feng)電(dian)市場的(de)擴張(zhang)。

按照《風(feng)(feng)電發展“十(shi)(shi)三五”規劃(hua)》要求，“十(shi)(shi)三五”期(qi)間，我國風(feng)(feng)電將新增裝機容(rong)量(liang)80GW以(yi)上(shang)，年均新增16GW，2016年我國風(feng)(feng)電整(zheng)機制造企業(ye)產能(neng)(neng)已(yi)達到20GW以(yi)上(shang)，風(feng)(feng)電產業(ye)存(cun)在(zai)產能(neng)(neng)過剩風(feng)(feng)險，中國風(feng)(feng)電設備出(chu)口(kou)勢在(zai)必行(xing)。作為對進(jin)出(chu)口(kou)產品質量(liang)進(jin)行(xing)把關的出(chu)入境檢驗檢疫部門，應從(cong)以(yi)下四個方(fang)面著手，為風(feng)(feng)電設備出(chu)口(kou)送出(chu)“東風(feng)(feng)”。

一是著(zhu)力(li)(li)提(ti)升企(qi)(qi)業(ye)質(zhi)量管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)體系。以產(chan)(chan)品質(zhi)量控制為抓手，幫助(zhu)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)出(chu)口(kou)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)建立完(wan)(wan)畢的(de)質(zhi)量管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)體系。促進(jin)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)建立起完(wan)(wan)善的(de)質(zhi)量管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)機(ji)構，制定科學(xue)的(de)作業(ye)指導(dao)書，形成領導(dao)重(zhong)視(shi)、全(quan)員(yuan)參與、過程有效、持(chi)續改(gai)進(jin)的(de)質(zhi)量管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)體系，全(quan)面提(ti)升我(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)整機(ji)及關(guan)(guan)鍵零部(bu)件(jian)的(de)產(chan)(chan)品質(zhi)量。二是著(zhu)力(li)(li)完(wan)(wan)善風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)認(ren)證(zheng)制度。不斷(duan)完(wan)(wan)善適(shi)合(he)我(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)情的(de)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)認(ren)證(zheng)制度，確保(bao)并網風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)組質(zhi)量并跟蹤(zong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)際(ji)(ji)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)技術標準發展趨勢，使我(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)技術標準與國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)際(ji)(ji)接軌。同(tong)時，國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)內認(ren)證(zheng)機(ji)構需(xu)通(tong)過與國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)際(ji)(ji)認(ren)證(zheng)機(ji)構擴大合(he)作，以謀求(qiu)更大的(de)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)認(ren)證(zheng)領域的(de)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)際(ji)(ji)話(hua)語權(quan)(quan)。三(san)是著(zhu)力(li)(li)推進(jin)知(zhi)識(shi)(shi)產(chan)(chan)權(quan)(quan)全(quan)球布局(ju)。鼓勵企(qi)(qi)業(ye)進(jin)行(xing)自主創(chuang)新，以提(ti)升企(qi)(qi)業(ye)獲(huo)得核心(xin)知(zhi)識(shi)(shi)產(chan)(chan)權(quan)(quan)的(de)能力(li)(li)。同(tong)時，積(ji)極宣傳知(zhi)識(shi)(shi)產(chan)(chan)權(quan)(quan)保(bao)護(hu)政策，使企(qi)(qi)業(ye)意識(shi)(shi)到知(zhi)識(shi)(shi)產(chan)(chan)權(quan)(quan)保(bao)護(hu)與國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)際(ji)(ji)貿易發展的(de)密切聯系，加(jia)強出(chu)口(kou)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)的(de)專利侵權(quan)(quan)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)，推進(jin)知(zhi)識(shi)(shi)產(chan)(chan)權(quan)(quan)全(quan)球化布局(ju)，避免(mian)掉入“專利陷阱(jing)”。四是著(zhu)力(li)(li)打(da)造(zao)便利化通(tong)關(guan)(guan)環(huan)境。針對(dui)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)“散裝出(chu)口(kou)，現場總裝”的(de)特(te)點(dian)，檢(jian)驗檢(jian)疫部(bu)門應創(chuang)新監管(guan)(guan)模式，為企(qi)(qi)業(ye)提(ti)供個性化通(tong)關(guan)(guan)服務，在保(bao)證(zheng)產(chan)(chan)品質(zhi)量安全(quan)的(de)前提(ti)下(xia)，盡力(li)(li)壓縮通(tong)關(guan)(guan)時長。大力(li)(li)支持(chi)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)內風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)開展科研活動，在通(tong)關(guan)(guan)審批、CCC認(ren)證(zheng)、檢(jian)驗檢(jian)測等方面為企(qi)(qi)業(ye)提(ti)供支持(chi)。

電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)備是(shi)《中國制造(zao)2025》大(da)力(li)(li)推動的(de)十(shi)大(da)重點領域之一，風(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)產業(ye)則(ze)是(shi)電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)備制造(zao)業(ye)的(de)重要(yao)(yao)組成(cheng)部(bu)分。出入境(jing)檢驗檢疫部(bu)門要(yao)(yao)以(yi)中國質量(liang)大(da)會提出的(de)“提升(sheng)供給(gei)質量(liang)”為工作指針，引進國外優質企業(ye)、管理方式(shi)和(he)先(xian)進技術，持續提升(sheng)中國風(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)設備的(de)供給(gei)質量(liang)，助(zhu)力(li)(li)中國風(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)企業(ye)不斷(duan)開拓海外市場。